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90% of nouns in -e. [Nf 9] Neuter endings [Nf 10] Neuter gender indications -chen,-lein,-ma, -ment, -sel, -tel, -tum, -um: 90% of the nouns with the prefix Ge-. [Nf 11] Two-thirds of nouns in -nis and -sal. [Nf 12] Most nouns ending in -al, -an, -ar, -är, -at, -ent, -ett, -ier, -iv, -o and -on (which are of foreign origin), provided that they ...
Latin declension is the set of patterns according to which Latin words are declined—that is, have their endings altered to show grammatical case, number and gender.Nouns, pronouns, and adjectives are declined (verbs are conjugated), and a given pattern is called a declension.
Most nouns do not take declensions in the accusative or singular dative cases. A class of masculine nouns, called "weak nouns," takes the ending -n or -en in all cases except the nominative. Dative forms with the ending -e, known in German as the Dativ-e (dem Gotte, dem Manne) are mostly restricted to formal usage, but widely limited to poetic ...
Sometimes a plural ending replaces a singular ending, as in the case of -agh becoming -ee or -eeyn or of -ee or -ey becoming -aghyn. Some mostly monosyllabic nouns pluralise by means of internal vowel change, such as mac "son" to mec, kayt "cat" to kiyt and dooiney "man" to deiney.
Disyllabic nouns ending in -al, -ar and -an, with long stems, sometimes drop the -a-before an ending beginning with a vowel, e.g. masculine singular ackar "acre, field", genitive singular ackres. Note that in these cases, the -a- is an epenthetic vowel that was not originally present (compare Gothic akrs < Proto-Germanic *akraz ), and so the ...
Rules other than phonetic can be used when the meaning of the noun is known or at least its semantic group is recognized. In this category obvious examples are proper names of people, or nouns designating nationality, profession, etc. Nouns referring to animals and birds are always specific to their biological gender, and often occur in pairs the same way as we have cow and bull in English.
PIE also had a class of monosyllabic root nouns which lack a suffix, the ending being directly added to the root (as in *dómh₂-s 'house', derived from *demh₂-'build' [4]). These nouns can also be interpreted as having a zero suffix or one without a phonetic body ( * dóm-Ø-s ).
Chomsky explains that derived nominals have the internal structure of a noun phrase and can be quite varied and distinctive. [14] For example, in English they can be formed with many different affixes such as -ation, -ment, -al, and -ure. [3] Chomsky also notes that there are many restrictions on the formation of derived nominals. [14]