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Fire making, fire lighting or fire craft is the process of artificially starting a fire. It requires completing the fire triangle , usually by heating tinder above its autoignition temperature . Fire is an essential tool for human survival and the use of fire was important in early human cultural history since the Lower Paleolithic .
Bow drill being used to make a fire. Bow drills with green jasper bits were used in Mehrgarh between the 4th and 5th millennium BC to drill holes into lapis lazuli and carnelian. Similar drills were found in other parts of the Indus Valley civilization and Iran one millennium later. [6]
A fire drill, sometimes called fire-stick, is a device to start a fire by friction between a rapidly rotating wooden rod (the spindle or shaft) and a cavity on a stationary wood piece (the hearth or fireboard). [1] [2] [3]
Hominids also learned that starting bushfires to burn large areas could increase land fertility and clear terrain to make hunting easier. [35] [37] Evidence shows that early hominids were able to corral and trap prey animals using fire. [citation needed] Fire was used to clear out caves before living in them, helping to begin the use of shelter ...
Primitive Technology:A Book of Earth Skills. Wescott, David. (2001). Primitive Technology II: Ancestral Skill - From the Society of Primitive Technology. Wrangham, Richard. (2010). Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human. Basic Books; First Trade Paper Edition. Zimmer, Carl. (2007). Smithsonian Intimate Guide to Human Origins. Harper Perennial.
Modern replica of a fire piston made from cocobolo. Fire pistons in Southeast Asia were variously constructed of bamboo, wood, metal, ivory, bone, and horn. The main tube was typically around 3.25 in (8.3 cm) long and 0.5 in (1.3 cm) in diameter, with a bore size around 0.375 in (0.95 cm). [7]
Hand drills have been used by many primitive societies as a fire drill to start a fire. [1] It is still often learned as a useful survival skill. A hand drill could also be used as a tool for drilling holes in hard materials such as wood, stone, or bone. For either use, the hands must also exert downward pressure while spinning the rod.
[3] [6] When flint and steel were used, the fire steel was often kept in a metal tinderbox together with flint and tinder. In Tibet and Mongolia, they were instead carried in a leather pouch called a chuckmuck. In Japan, percussion fire making was performed using agate or even quartz. It was also used as a ritual to bring good luck or ward off ...