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Although ancient India had a significant urban population, much of India's population resided in villages, whose economies were largely isolated and self-sustaining. [citation needed] Agriculture was the predominant occupation and satisfied a village's food requirements while providing raw materials for hand-based industries such as textile, food processing and crafts.
In economics, the Metzler paradox (named after the American economist Lloyd Metzler) is the theoretical possibility that the imposition of a tariff on imports may reduce the relative internal price of that good. [1] It was proposed by Lloyd Metzler in 1949 upon examination of tariffs within the Heckscher–Ohlin model. [2]
1685 – 10% tariff on import of East Indian goods [1] 1690 – The Impost of 1690 - upon East India Goods, wrought silk, and other foreign commodities, in all 55 in number - 20% tariff on import of East Indian goods [1] 1700 (11 Will. 3)- An act for the more effectual employing the poor, by encouraging the Manufacturers of this Kingdom.
In modern history, generally starting at the mid-20th century, the use of tariffs has been largely diminished in favor of the rise of international trade. [8] Beginning in 2017, the Trump administration began to impose tariffs on several of nations that were involved in trade deals with the United States.
The main economic issues that arise with tariffication stem from the nonequivalence of tariffs in NTBs in a number of scenarios. The issue analyzes nonequivalence arising from the existence of imperfect competition in importing countries, price instability in importing and exporting countries, and inefficient allocation of quantitative restrictions.
The South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) is a 2004 agreement that created a free-trade area of 1.6 billion people in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka with the vision of increasing economic cooperation and integration. [1]
Economic history is the study of history using methodological tools from economics or with a special attention to economic phenomena. Research is conducted using a combination of historical methods, statistical methods and the application of economic theory to historical situations and institutions.
Countries exchanged some 8,700 tariff concessions, cutting the 1948 tariff levels by 25% Geneva II: January 1956: 5 months: 22: Tariffs, admission of Japan: $2.5 billion in tariff reductions Dillon: September 1960: 11 months: 45: Tariffs: Tariff concessions worth $4.9 billion of world trade Kennedy: May 1964: 37 months: 48: Tariffs, anti-dumping