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familiar from quantum mechanics but interpreted in this context as coordinates of a quantum space or spacetime. These relations were proposed by Roger Penrose in his earliest spin network theory of space. It is a toy model of quantum gravity in 3 spacetime dimensions (not the physical 4) with a Euclidean (not the physical Minkowskian) signature.
The implication is that a quantum field theory on noncommutative spacetime can be interpreted as a low energy limit of the theory of open strings. Two papers, one by Sergio Doplicher , Klaus Fredenhagen and John Roberts [ 5 ] and the other by D. V. Ahluwalia, [ 6 ] set out another motivation for the possible noncommutativity of space-time.
The causal sets program is an approach to quantum gravity.Its founding principles are that spacetime is fundamentally discrete (a collection of discrete spacetime points, called the elements of the causal set) and that spacetime events are related by a partial order.
A graphic representation of Wheeler's calculations of what quantum reality may look like at the Planck length. Quantum foam (or spacetime foam, or spacetime bubble) is a theoretical quantum fluctuation of spacetime on very small scales due to quantum mechanics. The theory predicts that at this small scale, particles of matter and antimatter are ...
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory in curved spacetime (QFTCS) [1] is an extension of quantum field theory from Minkowski spacetime to a general curved spacetime. This theory uses a semi-classical approach; it treats spacetime as a fixed, classical background, while giving a quantum-mechanical description of the matter and energy ...
Spin foam does the same job for spacetime. Spacetime can be defined as a superposition of spin foams, which is a generalized Feynman diagram where instead of a graph, a higher-dimensional complex is used. In topology this sort of space is called a 2-complex. A spin foam is a particular type of 2-complex, with labels for vertices, edges and ...
In general relativity, background independence is identified with the property that the metric of spacetime is the solution of a dynamical equation. [2] In classical mechanics, this is not the case, the metric is fixed by the physicist to match experimental observations. This is undesirable, since the form of the metric impacts the physical ...
Group field theory (GFT) is a quantum field theory in which the base manifold is taken to be a Lie group.It is closely related to background independent quantum gravity approaches such as loop quantum gravity, the spin foam formalism and causal dynamical triangulation.