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Serum or plasma quetiapine concentrations are usually in the 1–10 mg/L range in overdose survivors, while postmortem blood levels of 10–25 mg/L are generally observed in fatal cases. [63] Non-toxic levels in postmortem blood extend to around 0.8 mg/kg, but toxic levels in postmortem blood can begin at 0.35 mg/kg.
Serotonin toxicity has a characteristic picture which is generally hard to confuse with other medical conditions, but in some situations it may go unrecognized because it may be mistaken for a viral illness, anxiety disorders, neurological disorder, anticholinergic poisoning, sympathomimetic toxicity, or worsening psychiatric condition.
Alcohol can exacerbate the symptoms and may directly contribute to increased severity of symptoms. The reasons for toxicity vary depending on the mixture of drugs. Usually, most victims die after using two or more drugs in combination that suppress breathing, and the low blood oxygen level causes brain death.
The most commonly reported severe effect following SSRI overdose is serotonin syndrome; serotonin toxicity is usually associated with very high overdoses or multiple drug ingestion. [179] Other reported significant effects include coma, seizures, and cardiac toxicity. [176]
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare [5] [6] but life-threatening reaction that can occur in response to antipsychotics (neuroleptic) or other drugs that block the effects of dopamine.
Having less proclivity for overdose and toxicity, they have widely supplanted barbiturates, although barbiturates (such as pentobarbital) are still used for euthanasia. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] Developed in the 1950s onward, benzodiazepines were originally thought to be non-addictive at therapeutic doses, but are now known to cause withdrawal symptoms ...
Clotiapine (Entumine) is an atypical antipsychotic [2] of the dibenzothiazepine chemical class. [3] It was first introduced in a few European countries (namely, Belgium, Italy, Spain and Switzerland), Argentina, Taiwan and Israel in 1970.
Seroquel and Seroquel XR – atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Used off-label to treat insomnia; Sonata – a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic; Spravato – a rapid-acting antidepressant of the NMDA receptor antagonist class; enantiomer of ketamine