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Horticulture is the art and science of growing ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, flowers, trees and shrubs. Horticulture is commonly associated with the more professional and technical aspects of plant cultivation on a smaller and more controlled scale than agronomy.
The words yard, court, and Latin hortus (meaning "garden", hence horticulture and orchard), are cognates—all referring to an enclosed space. [7] The term "garden" in British English refers to a small enclosed area of land, usually adjoining a building. [8] This would be referred to as a yard in American English. [9]
Plant domestication is seen as the birth of agriculture. However, it is arguably proceeded by a very long history of gardening wild plants. While the 12,000 year-old date is the commonly accepted timeline describing plant domestication, there is now evidence from the Ohalo II hunter-gatherer site showing earlier signs of disturbing the soil and cultivation of pre-domesticated crop species. [8]
Hydroponics is a type of horticulture and a subset of hydroculture which involves growing plants, usually crops or medicinal plants, without soil, by using water-based mineral nutrient solutions in an artificial environment.
Some of the traditional tools of cultivated plant taxonomy including: microscope, camera, flowers and book to assist identification. Cultivated plant taxonomy is the study of the theory and practice of the science that identifies, describes, classifies, and names cultigens—those plants whose origin or selection is primarily due to intentional human activity.
Temperature conditions in the tropics are affected by elevation, [2] in which contrasting warmer and colder climate areas in the tropics can be differentiated, [3]: 4–5 and highland areas in the tropics can consequently be more favourable for production of temperate plant species than are lowland areas. [citation needed]
Gardens in Indian subcontinent finds mentions in early literature, which mentions different types of gardens and method to build them. [10] [11] Archeologically, the gardens at Sigiriya in Sri Lanka is the best-preserved water gardens in South Asia and is also one of the oldest landscaped gardens in the world.
Agronomy – science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, feed, fiber, and reclamation.. Organic gardening – science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants by following the essential principles of organic agriculture in soil building and conservation, pest management, and heirloom variety preservation.