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Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market after approval. The liver plays a central role in transforming and clearing chemicals and is susceptible to the toxicity from these agents.
It can be taken by mouth, injected into a vein, used topically as a skin cream, or as eye drops. [7] [8] [6] It differs from the similarly named prednisone in having a hydroxyl at the 11th carbon instead of a ketone. Common side effects with short-term use include nausea, difficulty concentrating, insomnia, increased appetite, and fatigue. [5]
The effect of anabolic steroids on the heart can cause myocardial infarction and strokes. [5] Conditions pertaining to hormonal imbalances such as gynecomastia and testicular size reduction may also be caused by AAS. [6] In women and children, AAS can cause irreversible masculinization. [6]
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a silent condition that can affect anyone, regardless of age or lifestyle. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney ...
It has no risk of liver damage. [2] [3] The drug is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). [2] [6] It has strong androgenic effects and weak anabolic effects, which make it useful for producing ...
In those with liver or kidney problems, extra care should be taken. [4] Spironolactone has not been well studied in pregnancy and should not be used to treat high blood pressure of pregnancy. [3] It is also a steroid that blocks the effects of the hormones aldosterone and, to a lesser degree, testosterone, causing some estrogen-like effects.
Certain conditions can affect the body's ability to synthesize or absorb vitamin D, such as liver disease, kidney disease and inflammatory bowel disease, Adamian adds. Medications that can lower ...
Prednisone is a synthetic glucocorticoid used for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. [36] [37] Prednisone is a prodrug; it is metabolised in the liver by 11-β-HSD to prednisolone, the active drug. Prednisone has no substantial biological effects until converted via hepatic metabolism to prednisolone. [38]