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The full genetic basis of hair color is complex and not fully understood. [1] Regulatory DNA is believed to be closely involved in pigmentation in humans in general, [2] and a 2011 study by Branicki et al. identified 13 DNA variations across 11 different genes that could be used to predict hair color.
The Fischer–Saller Scale, named for eugenicist Eugen Fischer and German anthropologist Karl Saller , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color. The scale uses the following designations: [1] [2] [3] [4]
Red hair, also known as ginger hair, is a human hair color found in 2–6% of people of Northern or Northwestern European ancestry and lesser frequency in other populations. It is most common in individuals homozygous for a recessive allele on chromosome 16 that produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.
Hair color is the same way, sometimes, babies are born with very light colored hair that gradually darkens. The colored part of the eye is. ... Due to a genetic mutation, a human was born with a ...
An example of the codominant inheritance of some of the four blood groups. Mendelian traits in humans are human traits that are substantially influenced by Mendelian inheritance . Most – if not all – Mendelian traits are also influenced by other genes, the environment, immune responses, and chance.
The genotype is commonly mixed up with the phenotype which describes the result of both the genetic and the environmental factors giving the observed expression (e.g. blue eyes, hair color, or various hereditary diseases). A simple example to illustrate genotype as distinct from phenotype is the flower colour in pea plants (see Gregor Mendel).
This is the reason why different alleles of a gene can have different effects on an organism. As an example, hair color depends on how much of a dark substance called melanin is put into the hair as it grows. If a person has a normal set of the genes involved in making melanin, they make all the proteins needed and they grow dark hair.
A cat hair showing light and dark bands caused by alternating production of agouti-signaling protein and α-MSH. The agouti gene, the Agouti-signaling protein (ASIP) is responsible for variations in color in many species. Agouti works with extension to regulate the color of melanin which is produced in hairs.