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Preventive healthcare strategies are described as taking place at the primal, [2] primary, [13] secondary, and tertiary prevention levels. Although advocated as preventive medicine in the early twentieth century by Sara Josephine Baker, [14] in the 1940s, Hugh R. Leavell and E. Gurney Clark coined the term primary prevention.
Medical interventions that occur in communities can be classified as three categories: Primary care, Secondary care, and Tertiary care. [3] Each category focuses on a different level and approach towards the community or population group. In the United States, Community health is rooted within Primary healthcare achievements.
Secondary gain can also be a component of any disease, but is an external motivator. If a patient's disease allows them to miss work, avoid military duty, obtain financial compensation, obtain drugs , avoid a jail sentence, etc., these would be examples of a secondary gain.
Tertiary care is specialized consultative health care, usually for inpatients and on referral from a primary or secondary health professional, in a facility that has personnel and facilities for advanced medical investigation and treatment, such as a tertiary referral hospital.
Occupational therapy practitioners can intervene at primary, secondary and tertiary levels of intervention to promote health and wellness. It can be addressed in all practice settings to prevent disease and injuries, and adapt healthy lifestyle practices for those with chronic diseases. [48]
Tertiary prevention when both illness and disease are present Quaternary prevention when the patient is experiencing illness but there is no identified disease Jamoulle noted that when the patient was experiencing illness but no specific disease had been identified that patient was particularly vulnerable to their condition being made worse by ...
Outcomes measures should be relevant to the target of the intervention (be it a single person or a target population). [ 2 ] Depending on the design of a trial, outcome measures can be either primary outcomes , in which case the trial is designed around finding an adequate study size (through proper randomization and power calculation ). [ 1 ]
Secondary brain injury occurs gradually and may involve an array of cellular processes. [1] [2] Secondary injury, which is not caused by mechanical damage, can result from the primary injury or be independent of it. [3] The fact that people sometimes deteriorate after brain injury was originally taken to mean that secondary injury was occurring ...