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In psychology, a set is a group of expectations that shape experience by making people especially sensitive to specific kinds of information. A perceptual set, also called perceptual expectancy, is a predisposition to perceive things in a certain way. [1]
It is also known as the principle of parsimony or the law of parsimony (Latin: lex parsimoniae). Attributed to William of Ockham , a 14th-century English philosopher and theologian , it is frequently cited as Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem , which translates as "Entities must not be multiplied beyond necessity", [ 1 ] [ 2 ...
Underlying this question is the assumption that the animal can discriminate the two locations. Shepard’s law does not apply when the animal has trouble discriminating between stimuli. The question is whether the two locations have the same consequence of concern—in this case, whether the container contains food…” [ 5 ]
In existential psychotherapy, responsibility assumption is the doctrine, practiced by therapists such as Irvin D. Yalom where an individual taking responsibility for the events and circumstances in their lives is seen as a necessary basis for their making any genuine change.
The law of attraction is the New Thought spiritual belief that positive or negative thoughts bring positive or negative experiences into a person's life. [1] [2] The belief is based on the idea that people and their thoughts are made from "pure energy" and that like energy can attract like energy, thereby allowing people to improve their health, wealth, or personal relationships.
In behavioral psychology, the assumption of generality is the assumption that the results of experiments involving schedules of reinforcement, conducted on non-human subjects (often pigeons), can be generalized to apply to humans. [1] [2] [3] If the assumption holds, many aspects of daily human life can be understood in terms of these results ...
The Weber–Fechner laws are two related scientific laws in the field of psychophysics, known as Weber's law and Fechner's law. Both relate to human perception, more specifically the relation between the actual change in a physical stimulus and the perceived change. This includes stimuli to all senses: vision, hearing, taste, touch, and smell.
The Miller's law used in psychology is the observation, also by George Armitage Miller, that the number of objects the average person can hold in working memory is about seven. [4] It was put forward in a 1956 edition of Psychological Review in a paper titled " The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two ".