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The 12"/50 caliber gun Mark 8 was a US naval gun mounted on the Alaska-class cruiser. The gun, like the "large cruiser" that mounted it, was intended to fill the gap between US "heavy cruisers" (6-8") and US battleships (14-16"). The name describes the size of the shells, 12 inches in diameter, and the length of the bore in calibers (50 bore ...
The Mark 12 5"/38-caliber gun was a United States dual-purpose naval gun, but also installed in single-purpose mounts on a handful of ships.The 38-caliber barrel was a mid-length compromise between the previous United States standard 5"/51 low-angle gun and 5"/25 anti-aircraft gun.
4.5 inch Mark 8 naval gun 55-caliber United Kingdom: Cold War - Modern 120 mm (4.7 in) 12 cm/12 short naval gun Japan: World War II 120 mm (4.7 in) Type 3 120 mm 45 caliber naval gun Japan: World War I - World War II 120 mm (4.7 in) 12 cm/45 10th Year Type naval gun Japan: World War II 120 mm (4.7 in) 12 cm 11th Year Type naval gun Japan
The 12-inch (305 mm)/50 caliber Mark 7 naval gun was only a slight improvement over the preceding American naval gun, the 12"/45 caliber Mark 5 gun.As such, it was a very similar weapon, having been lengthened by five calibers to allow for improved muzzle velocity, range, and penetrating power.
Mark 37 Director c1944 with Mark 12 (rectangular antenna) and Mark 22 "orange peel" Ship gun fire-control systems (GFCS) are analogue fire-control systems that were used aboard naval warships prior to modern electronic computerized systems, to control targeting of guns against surface ships, aircraft, and shore targets, with either optical or radar sighting.
The Mk X increased the bore length from the Mk IX's 480 to 540 in (12 to 14 metres), increasing muzzle velocity from 2,600 to 2,700 ft/s (790 to 820 m/s). Subsequent British attempts to further increase the power of 12-inch guns led to failure with the 50-calibre Mk XI and Mk XII guns; the Mk X was the last successful 12-inch British gun.
The 12-inch (305 mm)/45-caliber Mark 5 naval gun was designed as an incremental improvement upon the preceding American naval gun, the 12-inch/40-caliber gun Mark 4. [1] As such, it was a very similar weapon, having been lengthened by 5 calibers to allow for improved muzzle velocity, range, and penetrating power.
The 12-inch (305 mm)/40 caliber gun was developed after the Spanish–American War to use the new smokeless powder that had recently been adopted by the Navy. The Mark 3, gun Nos. 15–48 and 50–56, was constructed of tube, jacket, and eight hoops.