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There are a few old studies indicating efficacy of lithium for acute depression with lithium having the same efficacy as tricyclic antidepressants. [35] A recent study concluded that lithium works best on chronic and recurrent depression when compared to modern antidepressant (i.e. citalopram) but not for patients with no history of depression ...
Lithium Lithium is the "classic" mood stabilizer, the first to be approved by the US FDA, and still popular in treatment. Therapeutic drug monitoring is required to ensure lithium levels remain in the therapeutic range: 0.6 to 0.8 or 0.8–1.2 mEq/L (or millimolar).
Excessive levels of lithium can be harmful to the kidneys, and increase the risk of side effects in general. As a result, kidney function and blood levels of lithium are monitored in patients being treated with lithium. [2] Therapeutic plasma levels of lithium range from 0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L, with levels of 0.8 or higher being desirable in acute ...
Lithium toxicity, also known as lithium overdose, is the condition of having too much lithium. Symptoms may include a tremor, increased reflexes, trouble walking, kidney problems, and an altered level of consciousness. Some symptoms may last for a year after levels return to normal. Complications may include serotonin syndrome. [1]
Lithium citrate was removed from 7Up in 1948 [5] after the Food and Drug Administration banned its use in soda. [6] Lithium citrate is used as a mood stabilizer and is used to treat mania, hypomania, depression and bipolar disorder. [7] It can be administered orally in the form of a syrup. [7]
Lithium has the best overall evidence and is considered an effective treatment for acute manic episodes, preventing relapses, and bipolar depression. [144] [145] Lithium reduces the risk of suicide, self-harm, and death in people with bipolar disorder. [146] Lithium is preferred for long-term mood stabilization. [68]
Family history, previous diagnosis of a mood disorder, trauma, stress or major life changes in the case of depression, physical illness or use of certain medications. Depression has been linked to major diseases such as cancer, diabetes, Parkinson's disease and heart disease, Brain structure and function in the case of bipolar disorder. [1 ...
Lithium has been used to augment antidepressant therapy in those who have failed to respond to antidepressants alone. [89] Furthermore, lithium dramatically decreases the suicide risk in recurrent depression. [90] According to the results of the STAR-D experiment, the remission rate of lithium for treatment-resistant depression is about 15.9%. [91]
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