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In philosophy, antimaterialism is any of several metaphysical or religious beliefs that are specifically opposed to materialism, the notion that only matter exists. These beliefs include: Immaterialism, a philosophy branching from George Berkeley of which his idealism is a type
The sociological theory of postmaterialism was developed in the 1970s by Ronald Inglehart.After extensive survey research, Inglehart postulated that the Western societies under the scope of his survey were undergoing transformation of individual values, switching from materialist values, emphasizing economic and physical security, to a new set of postmaterialist values, which instead ...
According to philosophical materialism, mind and consciousness are caused by physical processes, such as the neurochemistry of the human brain and nervous system, without which they cannot exist. Materialism directly contrasts with monistic idealism, according to which consciousness is the fundamental substance of nature.
Materialism is a realist philosophy of science, [17] which holds that the world is material; that all phenomena in the universe consist of "matter in motion," wherein all things are interdependent and interconnected and develop according to natural law; that the world exists outside consciousness and independently of people's perception of it ...
There are two sorts of definitions for monism: The wide definition: a philosophy is monistic if it postulates unity of the origin of all things; all existing things return to a source that is distinct from them. [1] The restricted definition: this requires not only unity of origin but also unity of substance and essence. [1]
Cultural materialism, contends that the physical world impacts and sets constraints on human behavior. Cultural determinism , along with social determinism , is the nurture-focused theory that the culture in which we are raised determines who we are.
Eliminative materialism (also called eliminativism) is a materialist position in the philosophy of mind. It is the idea that the majority of mental states in folk psychology do not exist. Some supporters of eliminativism argue that no coherent neural basis will be found for many everyday psychological concepts such as belief or desire, since they are poorly defined. The argument is that ...
Mereological nihilism entails the denial of what is called classical mereology, which is succinctly defined by philosopher Achille Varzi: [2]. Mereology (from the Greek μερος, 'part') is the theory of parthood relations: of the relations of part to whole and the relations of part to part within a whole.