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  2. Ottoman Turkish alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet

    The Ottoman Turkish alphabet (Ottoman Turkish: الفبا, romanized: elifbâ) is a version of the Perso-Arabic script used to write Ottoman Turkish until 1928, when it was replaced by the Latin-based modern Turkish alphabet.

  3. Turkish alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_alphabet

    Nutuk, a speech in Turkish, here printed in Arabic script. Ottoman Turkish was written using a Turkish form of the Arabic script for over 1,000 years. It was poorly suited to write works that incorporated a great deal of Arabic and Persian vocabulary as their spellings were largely unphonetic and thus had to be memorized.

  4. Ottoman Turkish - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish

    Ottoman Turkish (Ottoman Turkish: لِسانِ عُثمانی, romanized: Lisân-ı Osmânî, Turkish pronunciation: [liˈsaːnɯ osˈmaːniː]; Turkish: Osmanlı Türkçesi) was the standardized register of the Turkish language in the Ottoman Empire (14th to 20th centuries CE).

  5. List of replaced loanwords in Turkish - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_replaced_loanwords...

    The replacing of loanwords in Turkish is part of a policy of Turkification of Atatürk.The Ottoman Turkish language had many loanwords from Arabic and Persian, but also European languages such as French, Greek, and Italian origin—which were officially replaced with their Turkish counterparts suggested by the Turkish Language Association (Turkish: Türk Dil Kurumu, TDK) during the Turkish ...

  6. Turkish language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language

    The literary and official language during the Ottoman Empire period (c. 1299 –1922) is termed Ottoman Turkish, which was a mixture of Turkish, Persian, and Arabic that differed considerably and was largely unintelligible to the period's everyday Turkish.

  7. Turkish alphabet reform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_alphabet_reform

    Unnecessary existence of multiple D, H, S, K, T, and Z sounds in the Arabic alphabet for Istanbul Turkish. The dāl (ﺩ‎) and dād (ض) letters both represent the D sound, and ḥāʾ (ح) and ḥāʾ (خ) represent the H sound. The method of separating letters during the reform of the Arabic letters, known as hurûf-ı munfasıla, was tried ...

  8. Google Translate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate

    Google Translate is a multilingual neural machine translation service developed by Google to translate text, documents and websites from one language into another. It offers a website interface, a mobile app for Android and iOS, as well as an API that helps developers build browser extensions and software applications. [3]

  9. List of alphabets used by Turkic languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_alphabets_used_by...

    Perso-Arabic Altai language (south) Altai alphabets: Historical: Official: Altai language (north) Historical: Widely used: Äynu language: Äynu alphabet: In China Azerbaijani language: Azerbaijani alphabet: Official In Azerbaijan: Official In Dagestan (Russia) Official In Iran Bashkir language: Bashkir alphabet: Historical: Official ...