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Cogs were clinker-built, generally of oak. Cogs were fitted with a single mast and a single square sail. They were used primarily for trade in north-west medieval Europe, especially by the Hanseatic League. Typical seagoing cogs were from 15 to 25 meters (49 to 82 ft) long, 5 to 8 meters (16 to 26 ft) wide, and were of 30–200 tons burthen ...
Another early surviving example of geared mechanism is a complex calendrical device showing the phase of the Moon, the day of the month and the places of the Sun and the Moon in the Zodiac was invented in the Byzantine empire in the early 6th century. [22] [23] Geared mechanical water clocks were built in China by 725. [citation needed]
Cogs were single-masted vessels, with clinker-built sides and a flush-planked, flat bottom [1]. Although the name "cog" is recorded as early as the 9th century, [2] the seagoing vessel of that name seems to have evolved on the Frisian coast during the 14th century. [3]
Some medieval pattens were in two pieces, heel through to ball and ball to toes. Joining the two was a leather strip forming a hinge, thus allowing the shoe above to flex. [ 6 ] Klompen may have a carefully placed ease (space left around the foot), which allows the foot to bend, and the heel to lift within or out of the clog.
They allowed large volume, sophisticated data-processing tasks to be accomplished before electronic computers were invented and while they were still in their infancy. This data processing was accomplished by processing punched cards through various unit record machines in a carefully choreographed progression.
The crankshaft and camshaft were invented by Al-Jazari in Northern Mesopotamia circa 1206, ... These machines used were some of the first to use cogs and gears, which ...
During the early 1880s, Abt worked to devise an improved rack system that overcame the limitations of the Riggenbach system. In particular, the Riggenbach rack was expensive to manufacture and maintain and the switches were complex. In 1882, Abt designed a new rack using solid bars with vertical teeth machined into them.
A Norrahammars Bruk, model 3005-2, mangle from 1934. A mangle [1] is a mechanical laundry aid consisting of two rollers in a sturdy frame, connected by cogs and (in its home version) powered by a hand crank or by electricity.