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A parasitic plant is a plant that derives some or all of its nutritional requirements from another living plant. They make up about 1% of angiosperms and are found in almost every biome . All parasitic plants develop a specialized organ called the haustorium , which penetrates the host plant, connecting them to the host vasculature – either ...
Some parasitic plants can locate their host plants by detecting chemicals in the air or soil given off by host shoots or roots, respectively. About 4,500 species of parasitic plant in approximately 20 families of flowering plants are known. [68] [70] Species within the Orobanchaceae (broomrapes) are among the most economically destructive of ...
Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. [4] Many of these genera (e.g., Pedicularis, Rhinanthus, Striga) were formerly included in the family Scrophulariaceae sensu lato.
There is evidence to suggest that P. californicum is undergoing "host race evolution", which is a pattern of evolution which, in parasitic plants, results from specialization of different populations of the same parasite species to different hosts in an environment. [10] Host race evolution can possibly lead to speciation over time.
A possible result is a geographic mosaic in a parasitised population, as both host and parasite adapt to environmental conditions that vary in space and time. Host–parasite coevolution is common in the wild, in humans, in domesticated animals, and in crop plants. Major diseases such as malaria, AIDS and influenza are caused by coevolving ...
Monotropa uniflora, an obligate myco-heterotroph known to parasitize fungi belonging to the Russulaceae. [1]Myco-heterotrophy (from Greek μύκης mýkes ' fungus ', ἕτερος héteros ' another ', ' different ' and τροφή trophé ' nutrition ') is a symbiotic relationship between certain kinds of plants and fungi, in which the plant gets all or part of its food from parasitism upon ...
This resulted in the discovery of increased rates of gene evolution in parasitic plants [12] and the publication of one of the earliest species-level molecular phylogenies using nuclear ITS [13] on the dwarf mistletoes, Arceuthobium.
Common toothwort (Lathraea squamaria) is parasitic on the roots of hazel and alder, occasionally on beech, in shady places such as hedge sides. Lathraea squamaria is widespread in Europe. The common toothwort is a protocarnivorous plant. Most of the plant consists of a branched whitish underground stem closely covered with thick fleshy ...