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A list of tree species, grouped generally by biogeographic realm and specifically by bioregions, and shade tolerance. Shade-tolerant species are species that are able to thrive in the shade, and in the presence of natural competition by other plants. Shade-intolerant species require full sunlight and little or no competition.
List of tree species by shade tolerance – tree grouped by shade tolerance, a determinant in successional status; List of woods – commonly used in the timber and lumber trade; Types of forests By ecological factors (climate, composition, etc.) Boreal forests (taiga) – occupy the subarctic zone and are generally evergreen and coniferous
Eastern Hemlock is a shade-tolerant tree. In ecology, shade tolerance is a plant's ability to tolerate low light levels. The term is also used in horticulture and landscaping, although in this context its use is sometimes imprecise, especially in labeling of plants for sale in commercial nurseries. [citation needed]
When stocking, a tree's basal area is measured. The basal area is a cross-sectional area of the stump taken about 4.5 feet (1.4 m) above the ground. [7] The equation for calculating the basal area of trees in a stand is Basal Area = 0.005454 DBH 2, where DBH is the diameter of the tree at the aforementioned measuring height. [7]
In the United States, the forest cover by state and territory is estimated from tree-attributes using the basic statistics reported by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the Forest Service. [2] Tree volumes and weights are not directly measured in the field, but computed from other variables that can be measured. [3] [4]
Tree height is the vertical distance between the base of the tree and the highest sprig at the top of the tree. The base of the tree is measured for both height and girth as being the elevation at which the pith of the tree intersects the ground surface beneath, or "where the acorn sprouted."
Patch cuts are logging cuts too small to be considered clearcuts, and are instead considered a form of selection cut.A typical patch cut might be 2-3 tree lengths. Below a certain size, seedling regeneration advantage shifts from the shade intolerant species favored in clearcuts to the shade tolerant species favored by selection harvests.
Forest inventory is the systematic collection of data and forest information for assessment or analysis. An estimate of the value and possible uses of timber is an important part of the broader information required to sustain ecosystems .