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A lymph heart is an organ which pumps lymph in lungfishes, amphibians, reptiles, and flightless birds back into the circulatory system. [1] [2] In some amphibian species, lymph hearts are in pairs, and may number as many as 200 in one animal the size of a worm, while newts and salamanders have as many as 16 to 23 pairs of lymph hearts.
Xian: immortal beings in Taoism who were sometimes depicted as humanoids with reptile and human features in the Han Dynasty [5] Wadjet pre-dynastic snake goddess of Lower Egypt - sometimes depicted as half snake, half woman. Zahhak, a figure from Zoroastrian mythology who, in Ferdowsi's epic Shahnameh, grows a serpent on either shoulder.
Humanoid-amphibian characters have "been noted across ancient mythologies and, [...] in medieval cryptozoology", as well as fiction of the Western canon and popular culture. The combination invokes notions of humans' animalistic past, and the tension between the two attributes is used to "conceive monstrous and horrifying" and absurd creatures.
Amphibians are widely considered to be sentient, able to feel emotions such as anxiety and fear. [169] In one experiment, when offered live fruit flies (Drosophila virilis), salamanders chose the larger of 1 vs 2 and 2 vs 3. Frogs can distinguish between low numbers (1 vs 2, 2 vs 3, but not 3 vs 4) and large numbers (3 vs 6, 4 vs 8, but not 4 ...
Early tetrapods probably had a three-chambered heart, as do modern amphibians and lepidosaurian and chelonian reptiles, in which oxygenated blood from the lungs and de-oxygenated blood from the respiring tissues enters by separate atria, and is directed via a spiral valve to the appropriate vessel — aorta for oxygenated blood and pulmonary ...
Reptilian humanoids, or anthropomorphic reptiles, also called reptiloids, etc., appear in folklore, fiction, and conspiracy theories. In folklore A Nāga couple, featured as a Hoysala relief.
In the Western world, a variety of reptiles including iguanas, turtles, and some snakes (especially docile species such as the ball python and corn snake) are kept as pets; [82] [83] pond turtles were already used as pets in Roman times. [84] Reptiles have a strong capacity for learning and can be playful.
Diagram of crocodilian heart and circulation. Crocodilians may have the most-complex vertebrate circulatory system with a four-chambered heart and two ventricles, an unusual trait among extant reptiles. [86] Both have left and right aorta are connected by a hole called the Foramen of Panizza. [87]