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These estrus synchronization protocols allow Fixed Time Artificial Insemination to be used, giving herd managers more accurate control. [6] The use of CIDRs with synchronization protocols helps improve reproductive performance by reducing the inefficiency associated with estrus detection. [6]
These substances are still approved for use in the US and many other countries, including Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The coil is licensed to use with fixed time artificial insemination; Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR). For use in cattle and buffalo. This is a T-shaped silicone elastomer device impregnated in progesterone (1.38g).
With this artificial selection it is possible to obtain a more disease-resistant and size bearing offspring that makes the commercialization of goat derivatives viable. Artificial insemination or Intrauterine insemination is a medically assisted reproduction technique consisting of artificial deposition of semen in the female's genital tract. [19]
The first recorded case of artificial insemination was John Hunter in 1790, who helped impregnate a linen draper's wife. [1] [2] The first reported case of artificial insemination by donor occurred in 1884: William H. Pancoast, a professor in Philadelphia, took sperm from his "best looking" student to inseminate an anesthetized woman without her knowledge.
Only in goats is mild sedation sometimes used. Because of the significant skeletal muscle contractions it causes, electroejaculation is not used in stallions — except in rare cases, under general anesthesia. [citation needed] In humans, electroejaculation is usually carried out under a general anesthetic. [1]
Artificial fertilization (by shipping semen) is another option, but male animals can experience stress during semen collection, and the same goes for females during the artificial insemination procedure. Furthermore, this approach yields lower-quality semen, because shipping requires extending the life of the sperm for the transit time.
Prey animals, sheep, goats, pigs and cattle, were progressively domesticated early in the history of agriculture. [3] Pigs were domesticated in the Near East between 8,500 and 8000 BC, [4] sheep and goats in or near the Fertile Crescent about 8,500 BC, [5] and cattle from wild aurochs in the areas of modern Turkey and Pakistan around 8,500 BC. [6]
The San Diego Zoo established the first "frozen zoo" program in 1972. The first frozen zoo was established at the San Diego Zoo by pathologist Kurt Benirschke in 1972. [3] [4] [5] At the time there was no technology available to make use of the collection, but Benirschke believed such technology would be developed in the future. [6]