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The weld access hole or rat hole is a structural engineering technique in which a part of the web of an I-beam or T-beam is cut out at the end or ends of the beam. The hole in the web allows a welder to weld the flange to another part of the structure with a continuous weld the full width on both top and bottom sides of the flange.
AWS D1.4: Structural welding (reinforcing steel) AWS D1.5: Bridge welding AWS D1.6: Structural welding (stainless steel) AWS D1.7: Structural welding (strengthening and repair) AWS D1.8: Structural welding seismic supplement AWS D1.9: Structural welding (titanium) AWS D3.6R: Underwater welding (Offshore & inland pipelines) AWS D8.1: Automotive ...
The AWS defines welding PQR as a record of welding variables used to produce an acceptable test weldment and the results of tests conducted on the weldment to qualify a Welding Procedure Specification. For steel construction (civil engineering structures) AWS D1.1 is a widely used standard.
For example, AWS B1.11 explains how to visually examine welds; AWS B2.1-1-004 explains welding carbon steel of thickness range of 18 through 10 gauge with semiautomatic metal gas arc welding; and AWS C2.20/C2.20M explains metalized zinc cathodic protection systems. Some codes also describe the standards used by AWS to certify welders ...
Weld mapping is the process of assigning information to a weld repair or joint to enable easy identification of weld processes, production (welders, their qualifications, date welded), quality (visual inspection, NDT, standards and specifications) and traceability (tracking weld joints and welded castings, the origin of weld materials).
Welder certification is based on specially designed tests to determine a welder's skill and ability to deposit sound weld metal. The main part of the welder's test consists of welding one or more test coupons which are then examined using non-destructive and destructive methods.
A submerged arc welder used for training Close-up view of the control panel A schematic of submerged arc welding Pieces of slag from submerged arc welding exhibiting glassy surface due to silica (SiO 2). Submerged arc welding (SAW) is a common arc welding process. The first SAW patent was taken out in 1935.
The heat from the welding process and subsequent re-cooling causes this change from the weld interface to the termination of the sensitizing temperature in the base metal. The extent and magnitude of property change depends primarily on the base material, the weld filler metal, and the amount and concentration of heat input by the welding process.