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Calcitriol can also be used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism, but only if parathyroid hormone and calcium levels are monitored. [32] For cats in the early stages with normal blood phosphate levels, a less phosphate-reduced diet ("Senior", "Early-Renal" or a mixture of kidney and normal food) is usually sufficient. [38]
In a typical mammal, a normal average pH level is around 7.4. [147] As in the case of other vertebrates in mammals, the acid-base balance is maintained mainly by the bicarbonate buffer system (HCO 3-/CO 2), which allows maintaining a constant pH level of the blood and extracellular fluid. [148]
Fructosamine concentrations are significantly lower in hyperthyroid cats, with half of hyperthyroid cats having levels outside the reference range. Following treatment for hyperthyroidism these concentrations rise to normal levels. Diabetes mellitus also affects fructosamine concentration and this should not be relied on in diabetic cats.
Renal dysplasia is a type of familial kidney disease characterized by abnormal cellular differentiation of kidney tissue. Dogs and cats with kidney disease caused by these diseases have the typical symptoms of kidney failure, including weight loss, loss of appetite, depression, and increased water consumption and urination. [1]
A glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 is considered normal without chronic kidney disease if there is no kidney damage present. Kidney damage is defined signs of damage seen in blood, urine, or imaging studies which includes lab albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥ 30. [59]
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One of the measures of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Other tests that can assess the function of the kidneys include assessment of electrolyte levels such as potassium and phosphate, assessment of acid-base status by the measurement of bicarbonate levels from a vein, and assessment of the full blood count for anaemia.
Lentigo in cats is a common dermatological condition characterized by the presence of small, flat, brownish spots on the skin — particularly around the lips, nose, and eyelid margins.
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