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A type of Davy lamp with apertures for gauging flame height. The lamp consists of a wick lamp with the flame enclosed inside a mesh screen. The screen acts as a flame arrestor; air (and any firedamp present) can pass through the mesh freely enough to support combustion, but the holes are too fine to allow a flame to propagate through them and ignite any firedamp outside the mesh.
Firedamp (1889) by Constantin Meunier depicts the aftermath of a mining disaster Stephenson's safety lamp shown with Davy's lamp on the left. Firedamp is explosive at concentrations between 4% and 16%, with most explosions occurring at around 10%. It caused many deaths in coal mines before the invention of the Geordie lamp and Davy lamp. [4]
Rimmer, D & others Clanny, Stephenson and Davy: commemorating the bicentenary of the miners safety lamps. Miners Lamp Collectors Society, 2015; Watson, W.F. The invention of the miners safety lamp: a reappraisal Transactions, Newcomen Society 70(1) 1998-9, 135-141 "to settle the disputed features of the lamps of Clanny, Davy and Stephenson"
1909 Cap (helmet) lamps introduced in Scotland 1911 Prize offered for best electrical lamp 1911 Coal Mines Act made requirements for pit managers to take examinations, where can be used (including electrical), etc. 1920 Electrical lamp with built in accumulator 1924 Miners Lamp Committee – tests and recommendations
The large openings on a chain link fence are capable of slowing the spread of a small, slow-burning grass fire, but fast-burning grass fires will penetrate the fence unless the holes are very small. [4] In a coal mine containing highly explosive coal dust or methane, the wire mesh of a Davy lamp must be very tightly spaced.
A Davy lamp, an early example of a safety lamp The tragedy inspired Hodgson to raise public concern about the hazards of mining. Public interest was fed by a short (16-page) pamphlet written by him and published prior to the second disaster in late 1813.
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The mine was not "more than ordinarily gassy", but there is some evidence that the identified points of leakage might have been points of accumulation from leaks elsewhere. The lamps in use were Davy pattern [2] and naked lights called "midgies" in some areas. The coroner found no evidence that the midgies were connected with the explosion.