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Superheavy elements, also known as transactinide elements, transactinides, or super-heavy elements, or superheavies for short, are the chemical elements with atomic number greater than 104. [1] The superheavy elements are those beyond the actinides in the periodic table; the last actinide is lawrencium (atomic number 103).
Dawn Angela Shaughnessy is an American radiochemist and principal investigator of the heavy element group at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. [3] She was involved in the discovery of five superheavy elements with atomic numbers 114 to 118.
Despite these unsuccessful attempts to observe long-lived superheavy nuclei, [34] new superheavy elements were synthesized every few years in laboratories through light-ion bombardment and cold fusion [k] reactions; rutherfordium, the first transactinide, was discovered in 1969, and copernicium, eight protons closer to the island of stability ...
Amnon Marinov lived in Jerusalem, Israel with his wife Rachel; they have four children and six grandchildren. His father, Haim Marinov (1904–2001), was the deputy mayor of Jerusalem from 1964 until 1973.
The names einsteinium and fermium were suggested when their namesakes, respectively Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi, were still alive; however, by the time the names became official, Einstein and Fermi had both died.) As Seaborg died in 1999, Oganessian is the only currently living namesake of an element. [41] [42] [43]
Though particular details may remain unclear or controversial, at minimum it is certain that Victor Ninov made a "wrongful claim" about elements 116 and 118. [11] The superheavy elements 116 and 118 were eventually discovered and verified in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia from 2000–2002. [12]
In 1996, the Russian team proposed the name becquerelium after Henri Becquerel. [59] The American team in 1997 proposed the name hahnium [60] after Otto Hahn (previously this name had been used for element 105). The name darmstadtium (Ds) was suggested by the GSI team in honor of the city of Darmstadt, where the element was discovered.
In 1999, evidence for two superheavy elements (element 116 and element 118) was published by a group in Berkeley. The discovery group intended to propose the name ghiorsium for element 118, but eventually the data were found to have been tampered and in 2002 the claims were withdrawn. Ghiorso's lifetime output comprised about 170 technical ...