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There are different scales, denoted by a single letter, that use different loads or indenters. The result is a dimensionless number noted as HRA, HRB, HRC, etc., where the last letter is the respective Rockwell scale. Larger numbers correspond to harder materials. When testing metals, indentation hardness correlates linearly with tensile ...
A variety of hardness-testing methods are available, including the Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell, Meyer and Leeb tests. Although it is impossible in many cases to give an exact conversion, it is possible to give an approximate material-specific comparison table for steels .
440C (UNS designation S44004) is a martensitic 400 series stainless steel, [1] and has the highest carbon content of the 400 stainless steel series. It can be heat treated to reach hardness of 58 to 60 HRC.
Hardness is dependent on ductility, elastic stiffness, plasticity, strain, strength, toughness, viscoelasticity, and viscosity. Common examples of hard matter are ceramics , concrete , certain metals , and superhard materials , which can be contrasted with soft matter .
4340 steel is an ultra-high strength steel classified a medium-carbon, low-alloy steel. 4340 steel has high strength, ductility, toughness, creep resistance, and fatigue resistance relative to most other steels. Hardness ranging from 24 to 53 HRC can be achieved, depending on the heat treatment.
When testing metals, indentation hardness correlates roughly linearly with tensile strength, [1] but it is an imperfect correlation often limited to small ranges of strength and hardness for each indentation geometry. This relation permits economically important nondestructive testing of bulk metal deliveries with lightweight, even portable ...
Brinell hardness is sometimes quoted in megapascals; the Brinell hardness number is multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity, 9.80665 m/s 2, to convert it to megapascals. The Brinell hardness number can be correlated with the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), although the relationship is dependent on the material, and therefore determined ...
Where UTS is the ultimate tensile strength in ksi and h is the strip thickness in inches. A CE value of 0.3 or less is considered safe. ... [HRC] (convert from ...