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  2. Timeline of the history of Islam (11th century) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_history_of...

    1 11th century (1001–1100 CE / 391–494 AH) 2 See also. ... 1013: Berber Muslims massacre and pillage the inhabitants of Cordoba, including a large number of Jews ...

  3. Muslim conquest of the Maghreb - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Maghreb

    The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb (Arabic: فَتْحُ اَلْمَغْرِب, romanized: Fath al-Maghrib, lit. 'Conquest of the West') or Arab conquest of North Africa by the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates commenced in 647 and concluded in 709, when the Byzantine Empire lost its last remaining strongholds to Caliph Al-Walid I.

  4. Arab–Byzantine wars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab–Byzantine_wars

    The Arab–Byzantine wars or Muslim–Byzantine wars were a series of wars from the 7th to 11th centuries between multiple Arab dynasties and the Byzantine Empire. The Muslim Arab Caliphates conquered large parts of the Christian Byzantine empire and unsuccessfully attacked the Byzantine capital of Constantinople. The frontier between the ...

  5. History of the Arabs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Arabs

    Façade of Al Khazneh in Petra, Jordan, built by the Nabateans.. Ancient North Arabian texts give a clearer picture of Arabic's developmental history and emergence. Ancient North Arabian is a collection of texts from Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Syria which not only recorded ancient forms of Arabic, such as Safaitic and Hismaic, but also of pre-Arabic languages previously spoken in the Arabian ...

  6. Byzantine–Arab wars (780–1180) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine–Arab_wars_(780...

    The military force of the Arab world had been in decline since the 9th century, illustrated by losses in Mesopotamia and Syria, and by the slow conquest of Sicily. While the Byzantines attained successes against the Arabs, a slow internal decay after 1025 a.d. was not arrested, precipitating a general decline of the Empire during the 11th ...

  7. Al-Andalus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalus

    In the 11th century, the Hindu-Arabic numeral system (base 10) had reached Europe via Al-Andalus through Spanish Muslims, together with knowledge of astronomy and instruments like the astrolabe, which was first imported by Gerbert of Aurillac.

  8. List of Muslim states and dynasties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Muslim_states_and...

    United Arab Emirates. Emirate of Abu Dhabi (1761–present) ... Kingdom of Champa (11th century–1832) Kingdom of Cambodia during Sultan Ibrahim reign (1642–1658)

  9. Muslim conquest of Persia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia

    The Arab conquest of Persia led to a period of extreme urbanisation in Iran, starting with the ascension of the Abbasid dynasty and ending in the 11th century CE. [77] This was particularly true for the eastern parts of the country, for regions like Khorasan and Transoxiana. [78]