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The optic disc appears abnormally small, because not all the optic nerve axons have developed properly. [1] It is often associated with endocrinopathies (hormone deficiencies), developmental delay, and brain malformations. [2] The optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting visual signals from the retina to the brain, has approximately 1 ...
The morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) is a congenital deformity resulting from failure of the optic nerve to completely form in utero. [1] The term was coined in 1970 by Kindler, noting a resemblance of the malformed optic nerve to the morning glory flower. [2] The condition is usually unilateral. [3]
The optic nerve can be damaged when exposed to direct or indirect injury. Direct optic nerve injuries are caused by trauma to the head or orbit that crosses normal tissue planes and disrupts the anatomy and function of the optic nerve; e.g., a bullet or forceps that physically injures the optic nerve.
Developmental delays are more common in children with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia than those with unilateral optic nerve hypoplasia. [6] Bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia is also associated with a more severe disease course. [7] There may be nystagmus (involuntary eye movements, often side-to-side). [6] In cases of bilateral optic nerve ...
The term "disc-at-risk" refers to an optic nerve head characterized by a small cup-to-disc ratio and a crowding of optic nerve fibers. This anatomical feature is a significant factor in the development of NAION. [4] [5] Individuals predisposed to this condition typically have smaller optic discs with minimal or no cupping. This anatomical ...
The ganglion cell axons form the optic nerve after they leave the eye. The optic disc represents the beginning of the optic nerve and is the point where the axons of retinal ganglion cells come together. The optic disc in a normal human eye carries 1–1.2 million afferent nerve fibers from the eye toward the brain.
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The fibers from the retina run along the optic nerve to nine primary visual nuclei in the brain, from which a major relay inputs into the primary visual cortex. A fundus photograph showing the back of the retina. The white circle is the beginning of the optic nerve. The optic nerve is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and glia.
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