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Cystatin C or cystatin 3 (formerly gamma trace, post-gamma-globulin, or neuroendocrine basic polypeptide), [5] a protein encoded by the CST3 gene, is mainly used as a biomarker of kidney function. Recently, it has been studied for its role in predicting new-onset or deteriorating cardiovascular disease.
The functions of the kidney include maintenance of acid-base balance; regulation of fluid balance; regulation of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes; clearance of toxins; absorption of glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules; regulation of blood pressure; production of various hormones, such as erythropoietin; and activation of vitamin D.
One of these is cystatin C, a ubiquitous protein secreted by most cells in the body (it is an inhibitor of cysteine protease). [15] Cystatin C is freely filtered at the glomerulus. After filtration, Cystatin C is reabsorbed and catabolized by the tubular epithelial cells, with only small amounts excreted in the urine.
Grubb and coworkers have established that the most reliable way to estimate GFR is to use both a cystatin C-based and a creatinine-based GFR-estimating equation and compare the results of the two estimations. [18] If they agree, the estimation has the same reliability as an invasive determination of GFR. [18]
Cystatin C, a novel marker of kidney function; Jaffe reaction, an example of a method of assaying creatinine; Rhabdomyolysis, which may be diagnosed using serum creatinine concentrations; Nephrotic syndrome
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Pores in one of the structures of the glomerular filtration barrier. Shrunken pore syndrome (SPS) is a kidney disorder described in 2015 in which the pores in the glomerular filtration barrier are hypothesized to have shrunken so that the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 5–30 kDa proteins, for example cystatin C, is selectively reduced compared to that of small molecules (less than 5 kDa ...
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