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  2. Fetal circulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_circulation

    The fetal circulation is composed of the placenta, umbilical blood vessels encapsulated by the umbilical cord, heart and systemic blood vessels. A major difference between the fetal circulation and postnatal circulation is that the lungs are not used during the fetal stage resulting in the presence of shunts to move oxygenated blood and ...

  3. Fetal hemoglobin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_hemoglobin

    Fetal hemoglobin, or foetal haemoglobin (also hemoglobin F, HbF, or α 2 γ 2) is the main oxygen carrier protein in the human fetus.Hemoglobin F is found in fetal red blood cells, and is involved in transporting oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to organs and tissues in the fetus.

  4. Umbilical artery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbilical_artery

    The umbilical arteries are one of two arteries in the human body, that carry deoxygenated blood, the other being the pulmonary arteries. The pressure inside the umbilical artery is approximately 50 mmHg. [4] Resistance to blood flow decreases during development as the artery grows wider. [5]

  5. Circulatory system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulatory_system

    Fetal circulation begins within the 8th week of development. ... Human anatomical chart of blood vessels, with heart, lungs, liver and kidneys included. Other organs ...

  6. Patent ductus arteriosus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_ductus_arteriosus

    The ductus arteriosus is a fetal blood vessel that normally closes soon after birth. This closure is caused by vessel constriction immediately after birth as circulation changes occur, followed by the occlusion of the vessel’s lumen in the following days. [1]

  7. Ductus arteriosus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ductus_arteriosus

    The ductus arteriosus, also called the ductus Botalli, named after the Italian physiologist Leonardo Botallo, is a blood vessel in the developing fetus connecting the trunk of the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta. It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus's fluid-filled non-functioning lungs.

  8. Ductus venosus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ductus_venosus

    The pathway of fetal umbilical venous flow is umbilical vein left portal vein ductus venosus inferior vena cava eventually right atrium.. This anatomic course is important to recall when assessing the success of neonatal umbilical venous catheterization, as failure to cannulate through the ductus venosus results in malpositioned hepatic catheterization via the left or right portal veins.

  9. Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternal_physiological...

    Maternal Blood Volume. During pregnancy the plasma volume increases by 40-50% and the red blood cell volume increases only by 20–30%. [22] These changes occur mostly in the second trimester and prior to 32 weeks gestation. [24] Due to dilution, the net result is a decrease in hematocrit or hemoglobin, which are measures of red blood cell ...