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  2. Tsarist autocracy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarist_autocracy

    Tsarist autocracy (Russian: царское самодержавие, romanized: tsarskoye samoderzhaviye), also called Tsarism, was an autocracy, a form of absolute monarchy localised with the Grand Duchy of Moscow and its successor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire.

  3. Tsardom of Russia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia

    The Tsardom of Russia, [a] also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, [b] was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.

  4. List of heads of state and government who have been in exile

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_and...

    Papal States: 1847–1851 United Kingdom: 1851–1866† Baden: Antonio López de Santa Anna: President of Mexico Mexico: 1836–1837 United States: 1845–1846 Cuba: 1848–1853 British Jamaica Colombia: 1855–1864 Cuba Colombia St. Thomas United States: 1864–1867 Cuba St. Thomas United States: 1867–1874 Cuba Dominican Republic Bahamas ...

  5. List of Russian monarchs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Russian_monarchs

    This is a list of all reigning monarchs in the history of Russia. The list begins with the semi-legendary prince Rurik of Novgorod, sometime in the mid-9th century, and ends with Nicholas II, who abdicated in 1917, and was executed with his family in 1918. Two dynasties have ruled Russia: the Rurikids (862–1598) and Romanovs (from 1613). [1] [2]

  6. Russian Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire

    Peter the Great changed his title from tsar to emperor in order to secure Russia's position in the European states system. [135] While later rulers did not discard the new title, the Russian monarch was commonly known as the tsar or tsaritsa until the imperial system was abolished during the February Revolution of 1917.

  7. List of leaders of Russia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_Russia

    This is a list of rulers of Kievan Rus', the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, the Russian Republic, the Soviet Union, and the modern Russian Federation.It does not include regents, acting rulers, rulers of the separatist states in the territory of Russia, persons who applied for the post of ruler, but did not become one, rebel leaders who did not control the capital, and the nominal ...

  8. List of heads of state of Russia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of...

    On 25 December, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was renamed Russian Federation, with the names of the state and its highest executive office constitutionally amended in 1992. The office got its current status with the adoption of a new constitution in 1993, following an armed dispute between the president and the parliament .

  9. Tsarist bureaucracy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarist_bureaucracy

    In 1718 Tsar Peter the Great investigated why the ex-Swedish province of Livonia was so orderly. [3] He discovered that the Swedes had spent as much on administering Livonia (300 times smaller than his own realm) as he spent on the entire Russian bureaucracy. He was forced to dismantle the province's government.