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Statue of Patañjali, its traditional snake form indicating kundalini or an incarnation of Shesha. The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali (IAST: Patañjali yoga-sūtras) is a collection of Sanskrit sutras on the theory and practice of yoga – 195 sutras (according to Vyāsa and Krishnamacharya) and 196 sutras (according to others, including BKS Iyengar).
Pratyahara [1] [2] (Sanskrit: प्रत्याहार, romanized: Pratyāhāra) or the 'gathering towards' is the fifth element among the Eight stages of Patanjali's Ashtanga Yoga, [3] as mentioned in his classical work, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali composed in the 2nd century BCE. [4]
A "fourth yoga" is sometimes added, Raja Yoga or "the Path of Meditation". This is the classical Yoga presented in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali . Patanjali's system came to be known as Raja Yoga (Royal Yoga) retro-actively, in about the 15th century, as the term Yoga had become popular for the general concept of a "religious path".
This genre of texts includes the Sutras and Shastras of the six schools of Hindu philosophy: Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa and Vedanta. [42] [43] The Sutras and Shastras texts were compilations of technical or specialized knowledge in a defined area. The earliest are dated to the latter half of the 1st millennium BCE.
GN Jha (1907), The Yoga-darsana: The sutras of Patanjali with the Bhasya of Vyasa with notes; Harvard University Archives; Charles Johnston (1912), The Yogasutras of Patanjali; I.K. Taimni (1961), The Science of Yoga: The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali; Chip Hartranft (2003), The Yoga-Sûtra of Patañjali. Sanskrit-English Translation & Glossary (86 ...
Classical Advaita Vedanta emphasizes the path of Jnana Yoga, a progression of study and training to attain moksha. It consists of four stages: [ 2 ] [ web 1 ] Samanyasa or Sampatti s, [ 3 ] the "fourfold discipline" ( sādhana-chatustaya ), cultivating the following four qualities: [ 2 ] [ web 1 ]
In Yoga Sutras verse III.1, Patanjali defines dharana as fixing the mind on a single point, marking the transition to the last three limbs of yoga. In his commentary on Yoga Sutras verse III.1, Vyasa mentions focal points like the navel or the heart, while later commentators like Vacaspati Misra and Ramananda Sarasvati refer to the Vishnu ...
In the Yoga Sutras II.1, Patañjali and his commentators write that the Kriyāyoga (action-oriented type of yoga) is to be undertaken by those whose mind is not already fixed. The fixing or "stilling of the changing states of mind" (Yoga Sutras I.2) is the goal of yoga, for which Kriyāyoga is necessary as a first step for a sādhaka. [11]