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English Braille, also known as Grade 2 Braille, [1] is the braille alphabet used for English. It consists of around 250 letters , numerals, punctuation, formatting marks, contractions, and abbreviations . Some English Braille letters, such as ⠡ ch , [2] correspond to more than one letter in print.
Braille translators can be run by people with or without sight. A braille translator can run on a smartphone, [2] personal computer, network server, [3] or (historically) larger mini-computers or mainframes of larger institutions. Some languages use uncontracted braille, where each letter uses a specific braille character.
Likewise, the values of English contracted ("Grade 2") ⠡ ch, ⠩ sh, and ⠹ th are widely used for similar sounds in other languages. An otherwise unused letter may be reassigned. For example, Tibetan Braille , which is based on German Braille, reassigns ⠉ c , ⠟ q , ⠭ x , and ⠽ y , which are redundant in German.
According to the original [2] 1991 specification [3] for UEB, the goals were: 1. simplify and unify the system of braille used for encoding English, reducing community-fragmentation 2. reduce the overall number of official coding systems, which currently include: a. literary code (since 1933, English Braille Grade 2 has been the main component) i.
Uncontracted braille was previously known as grade 1 braille, and contracted braille was previously known as grade 2 braille. Uncontracted braille is a direct transliteration of print words (one-to-one correspondence); hence, the word "about" would contain all the same letters in uncontracted braille as it does in inkprint.
Tactile provides real-time translation of English text, captured by integrated camera, into braille dynamically rendered on a refreshable display.The end product is to display 36 braille characters at a time on a 5 in × 2 in (127 mm × 51 mm) interface [note 1] with an intended retail price around US$100. [3]
Most institutions which produce Braille materials distribute BRF files. BRF is a file that can represent contracted or uncontracted (i.e. grade 1 or grade 2) Unified English Braille, English Braille and non-English languages. [1] BRF files contain plain Braille ASCII plus spaces, Carriage Return, Line Feed, and Form Feed ASCII control ...
A Mountbatten Brailler. The Mountbatten Brailler is an electronic machine used to type braille on braille paper. It uses the traditional "braille typewriter keyboard" of the Perkins Brailler with modern technology, giving it a number of additional features such as word processing, audio feedback and embossing.