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Isoniazid is a prodrug that inhibits the formation of the mycobacterial cell wall. Isoniazid must be activated by KatG, a bacterial catalase-peroxidase enzyme in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. [43] KatG catalyzes the formation of the isonicotinic acyl radical, which spontaneously couples with NADH to form the nicotinoyl-NAD adduct.
The active site of CYP2E1 is the smallest observed in human P450 enzymes, with its small capacity attributed in part to the introduction of an isoleucine at position 115. The side-chain of this residue protrudes out above the heme center, restricting active site volume compared to related enzymes that have less bulky residues at this position. [14]
Enzyme Inhibitors Inducers; CYP1A1: Certain foods (e.g., cumin, turmeric) Certain herbs/herbal teas (e.g., peppermint, German chamomile, dandelion, Kava) Amiodarone ...
Management of tuberculosis refers to techniques and procedures utilized for treating tuberculosis (TB), or simply a treatment plan for TB.. The medical standard for active TB is a short course treatment involving a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin (also known as Rifampin), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for the first two months.
Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism (from the Greek xenos "stranger" and biotic "related to living beings") is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as any drug ...
Isoniazid is a prodrug and once it has entered the bacteria, it is activated by a peroxidase enzyme, which oxidizes the compound into a free radical form. [99] This radical then reacts with NADH, to produce adducts that are very potent inhibitors of the enzymes enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase, [100] and dihydrofolate reductase. [101]
1559 72303 Ensembl ENSG00000138109 ENSMUSG00000067231 UniProt P11712 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000771 NM_028191 RefSeq (protein) NP_000762 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 94.94 – 94.99 Mb Chr 19: 39.05 – 39.08 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 (abbreviated CYP2C9) is an enzyme protein. The enzyme is involved in the metabolism, by ...
It combines isoniazid, pyridoxine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. [1] Specifically it is used to prevent tuberculosis , toxoplasmosis , pneumonia , malaria , and isosporiasis . [ 2 ] It is taken by mouth .