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Isoniazid is an isonicotinic acid derivative. It is manufactured using 4-cyanopyridine and hydrazine hydrate. [50] In another method, isoniazid was claimed to have been made from citric acid starting material. [51] It can in theory be made from methyl isonicotinate, which is labelled a semiochemical.
Isonicotinic acids is a term loosely used for derivatives of isonicotinic acid. Hydrazide derivatives include isoniazid, iproniazid, and nialamide. Amide and ester derivatives include ethionamide and dexamethasone isonicotinate. Its conjugate base forms coordination polymers [3] and MOFs [4] by binding metal ions through both the N and carboxylate.
Methaniazide, brand name Neotizide among others, is an antibiotic which was used in the treatment of tuberculosis. [1] [2] [3] It is a derivative of methanesulfonic acid and isoniazid, which is also an antituberculosis drug but has comparatively been far more widely known and used. [1]
Isoniazid is a prodrug and once it has entered the bacteria, it is activated by a peroxidase enzyme, which oxidizes the compound into a free radical form. [99] This radical then reacts with NADH, to produce adducts that are very potent inhibitors of the enzymes enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase , [ 100 ] and dihydrofolate reductase .
PAS was once available in a combination formula with isoniazid called Pasinah [10] or Pycamisan 33. [ 11 ] 4-Aminosalicylic acid was approved for medical use in the United States in June 1994, and for medical use in the European Union in April 2014.
It combines isoniazid, pyridoxine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. [1] Specifically it is used to prevent tuberculosis , toxoplasmosis , pneumonia , malaria , and isosporiasis . [ 2 ] It is taken by mouth .
ATC code J04 Antimycobacterials is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.
Isoniazid/rifampicin, also known as isoniazid/rifampin, is a medication used to treat tuberculosis. [1] It is a fixed dose combination of isoniazid and rifampicin (rifampin). [1] It is used together with other antituberculosis medication. [1] It is taken by mouth. [1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [2]