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Isoniazid, also known as isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), is an antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis. [4] For active tuberculosis, it is often used together with rifampicin , pyrazinamide , and either streptomycin or ethambutol . [ 5 ]
The original method used to test for MDR-TB and XDR-TB was the Drug Susceptibility Testing (DST). DST is capable of determining how well four primary antitubercular drugs inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The four primary antitubercular drugs are Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol and Pyrazinamide. [7]
Bacteria become active as a result of anything that can reduce the person's immunity, such as HIV, advancing age, diabetes or other immunocompromising illnesses. TB can usually be treated with a course of four standard, or first-line, anti-TB drugs (i.e., isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol). [2] [3]
A patient is expected to be free from all living TB bacteria after six months of therapy in Pulmonary TB or 8-10 months in Miliary TB. [citation needed] Latent tuberculosis or latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is treated with three to nine months of isoniazid alone. This long-term treatment often risks the development of hepatotoxicity. A ...
MDR-TB is defined as resistance to the two most effective first-line TB drugs: rifampicin and isoniazid. Extensively drug-resistant TB is also resistant to three or more of the six classes of second-line drugs. [155] Totally drug-resistant TB is resistant to all currently used drugs. [156]
It is a fixed dose combination of ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and rifampicin. [1] It is used either alone or with other antituberculosis medication. [1] It is taken by mouth. [1] Side effects are those of the underlying medications. [1] Pyridoxine may be used to decrease the risk of numbness. [2]
It contains ethambutol, isoniazid, and rifampicin. [1] It is used either along or with other anti-tuberculosis medication. [1] It is taken by mouth. [1] Side effects are those of the underlying medications. [1] Use may not be suitable in children. [1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [2]
"Current standard therapy is isoniazid (INH) which reduce the risk of active TB by as much as 90 per cent (in patients with positive LTBI test results and fibrotic pulmonary lesions compatible with tuberculosis [31]) if taken daily for 9 months."