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According to ancient and medieval science, aether (/ ˈ iː θ ər /, alternative spellings include æther, aither, and ether), also known as the fifth element or quintessence, is the material that fills the region of the universe beyond the terrestrial sphere. [1]
In the 19th century, luminiferous aether (or ether), meaning light-bearing aether, was a theorized medium for the propagation of light. James Clerk Maxwell developed a model to explain electric and magnetic phenomena using the aether, a model that led to what are now called Maxwell's equations and the understanding that light is an ...
Aether also played a role in Roman genealogies of the gods. Cicero says that Aether and Dies (Day) were the parents of Caelus (Sky), [10] and reports that according to the "so called theologians" Aether was the father of one of the "three Jupiters". [11]
In physics the Einstein-aether theory, also called aetheory, is the name coined in 2004 for a modification of general relativity that has a preferred reference frame and hence violates Lorentz invariance. These generally covariant theories describes a spacetime endowed with both a metric and a unit timelike vector field named the aether.
Aether (mythology), the personification of the bright upper sky Aether (classical element), the material believed to fill the universe above the terrestrial sphere Aether theories, proposing space-filling substance that propagates electromagnetic or gravitational forces
The term aether (also written as "ether") was adopted from ancient Greek philosophy and science into Victorian physics (see Luminiferous aether) and utilised by Madame Blavatsky to correspond to akasha, the fifth element (quintessence) of Hindu metaphysics. The Greek word aither derives from an Indo-European root aith- ("burn, shine").
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Aether represents mbûngi, the circular void that begot the universe. Air (South) represents musoni , the period of conception that takes place during spring. Fire (East) represent kala , the period of birth that takes place during summer.