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N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is an organic compound consisting of a 5-membered lactam. It is a colorless liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow. It is miscible with water and with most common organic solvents. It also belongs to the class of dipolar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.
γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) or gamma-butyrolactone is an organic compound with the formula O=CO(CH 2) 3. It is a hygroscopic, colorless, water-miscible liquid with a weak characteristic odor. It is the simplest 4-carbon lactone. It is mainly used as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. [5]
2-Pyrrolidone itself is used in inkjet cartridges. [5] A variety of pharmaceutical drugs are 2-pyrrolidone derivatives, including cotinine, doxapram, povidone, and ethosuximide, and the racetams. The chemical is an intermediate in the production of the polyvinylpyrrolidone precursor vinylpyrrolidone. [3]
The drug, suzetrigine, received the FDA's official stamp of approval Thursday to be sold as a 50-milligram prescription pill taken every 12 hours, according to a press release.
At elevated temperature and in the presence of a palladium catalyst, hydrogenolysis of dihydrolevoglucosenone via levoglucosanol selectively yields tetrahydrofuran-2,5-dimethanol (THF-dimethanol), [8] which is a biodegradable solvent and a bio-based precursor to 1,6-hexanediol (and 1,6-diaminohexane).
It is found in many drugs such as procyclidine and bepridil. It also forms the basis for the racetam compounds (e.g. piracetam, aniracetam). The amino acids proline and hydroxyproline are, in a structural sense, derivatives of pyrrolidine. Nicotine contains an N-methylpyrrolidine ring linked to a pyridine ring.
Racetams are 2-pyrrolidone derivatives and may sometimes be referred to simply as pyrrolidones (2-oxopyrrolidines). [1] Many, but not all, specifically have a 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide nucleus, which is the chemical structure of piracetam. Racetams are cyclic derivatives of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). [2]
Two common trade brands for ADHD medication, Adderall and Concerta are made from different drug formulas. Adderall is made from amphetamine mixed salts and Concerta is made from methylphenidate.