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When the brake pipe and car components are charged with air, the brakes release. When the engineer needs to make a brake application, control valves in the locomotive reduce the brake pipe pressure. As the brake pipe pressure is reduced, the service portions on each car divert air from their reservoirs to their brake cylinders.
The presence of the voltage holds the brakes off, providing a fail safe system. The 3 step "Westcode" brake uses three wires and these operate in a binary sequence to control the brake step. 10 & 11 are the brake coding to provide the 3 steps, 12 wire is emergency brake, 15 wire is EP brake negative. Positions on the brake handle are:
The main advantage of vacuum was that the vacuum can be created by a steam ejector with no moving parts (and which could be powered by the steam of a steam locomotive), whereas an air brake system requires a noisy and complicated compressor. However, air brakes can be made much more effective than vacuum brakes for a given size of brake cylinder.
European brake systems vary between countries, but the working principle is the same as for the Westinghouse air brake. European passenger cars used on national railway networks must comply with TSI LOC&PAS regulation, [12] which specifies in section 4.2.4.3 that all brake systems must adhere to the EN 14198:2004 standard.
Sensotronic Brake Control (SBC) is an electro-hydraulic brake system developed by Daimler and Bosch. In this system, the wheel brake cylinders of a vehicle are operated through a servomechanism, offering precise and responsive braking. The SBC system was first introduced on the R230 SL-class, which was released in Europe in October 2001. [1]
Electric park brake in the center console in a Volkswagen Golf Variant. An electronic parking brake (EPB), also known as an electric parking brake or electric park brake, is an electronically controlled parking brake, whereby the driver activates the holding mechanism with a button and the brake pads are electrically applied to the rear wheels. [1]
Foundation components are the brake-assembly components at the wheels of a vehicle, named for forming the basis of the rest of the brake system. These mechanical parts contained around the wheels are controlled by the air brake system. The three types of foundation brake systems are “S” cam brakes, disc brakes and wedge brakes. [3]
Electronically controlled brake (ECB) developed by Toyota Motor Corporation initially for its hybrid and Lexus models, is the world's first production brake-by-wire braking system. [1] The ECB went on sale in Japan in June 2001, [ 2 ] first appearing on the Toyota Estima hybrid (first generation), [ 3 ] and making its North American debut with ...