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The Sack of Mecca occurred on 11 January 930, when the Qarmatians of Bahrayn sacked the Muslim holy city amidst the rituals of the Hajj pilgrimage.. The Qarmatians, a radical Isma'ili sect established in Bahrayn since the turn of the 9th century, had previously attacked the caravans of Hajj pilgrims and even invaded and raided Iraq, the heartland of the Abbasid Caliphate, in 927–928.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources .
930: Sack of Mecca by the Qarmatian ruler Abu Tahir al-Jannabi. Th Qarmatians carry away the Black Stone from the Kaaba. In Spain, Abd al-Rahman III declares himself Caliph of Córdoba. 931: Deposition and restoration of the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir. 932: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir; accession of al-Qahir.
In the year 930 CE, the Qarmatians under Abu Tahir al-Jannabi invaded Mecca and raided the Sacred Mosque along with massacring the pilgrims within the building. [1] The Emir of Mecca was killed in the conflict as well. Afterwards, the sanctuary of the mosque was defiled, with the Black Stone stolen from its original spot near the Kaaba. [2]
Under al-Jannabi (ruled 923–944), the Qarmaṭians came close to capturing Baghdad in 927, and sacked Mecca in 930, The Qarmatians also sacked Medina. [27] In their attack on Islam's holiest sites, the Qarmatians desecrated the Zamzam Well with corpses of Hajj pilgrims and took the Black Stone from Mecca to Ain Al Kuayba [28] in Qatif.
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802: The Mecca Protocol: Caliph Harun al-Rashid and the leading officials of the Abbasid Caliphate perform the hajj to Mecca, where the line of succession is finalized. Harun's eldest son al-Amin is named heir, but his second son Abdallah al-Ma'mun is named as al-Amin's heir, and governor of Khurasan.
The sack of Mecca followed millenarian excitement among the Qarmatians (and in Persia) over the conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter in 928. Bahrain became the seat of the Qarmatian Mahdi-Caliph from Isfahan who abolished Sharīa law. The new Mahdi also changed the qibla of prayer from Mecca to that of fire, a specifically Zoroastrian practice.