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Some research suggests a 'blue retrospective' which also exaggerates negative emotions. Though it is a cognitive bias which distorts one's view of reality, it is suggested that rosy retrospection serves a useful purpose in increasing self-esteem and sense of well-being. [2] [3]
The retrospective-prospective structure is a two-part structure that begins with a consideration of past events and then turns to look ahead to the future or else look a present situation differently. One example of a retrospective-prospective turn is I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud (Daffodils) by William Wordsworth.
A retrospective compilation album is assembled from a recording artist's past material, often their greatest hits. [13] Often the word is included in the title, such as Retrospective: The Best of Buffalo Springfield, released after the band's breakup in 1969, and Retrospective, a 1978 album of songs by Australian singer-songwriter Russell Morris.
Definitional retreat – changing the meaning of a word when an objection is raised. [23] Often paired with moving the goalposts (see below), as when an argument is challenged using a common definition of a term in the argument, and the arguer presents a different definition of the term and thereby demands different evidence to debunk the argument.
In economics and business decision-making, a sunk cost (also known as retrospective cost) is a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Sunk costs are contrasted with prospective costs , which are future costs that may be avoided if action is taken. [ 3 ]
Retrospective memory is the memory of people, words, and events encountered or experienced in the past. It includes all other types of memory including episodic , semantic and procedural . [ 1 ] It can be either implicit or explicit .
For example, considering the proposition "all bachelors are unmarried:" its negation (i.e. the proposition that some bachelors are married) is incoherent due to the concept of being unmarried (or the meaning of the word "unmarried") being tied to part of the concept of being a bachelor (or part of the definition of the word "bachelor").
The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) was developed by Smith et al. (2000) [37] to measure self-reports of prospective and retrospective memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease. It is a questionnaire consisting of 16 items; in which participants rank how often memory failure occurs using a 5-point scale (Very Often ...