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A NO x adsorber is designed to reduce oxides of nitrogen emitted in the exhaust gas of a lean burn internal combustion engine. Lean burn engines, particularly diesels , present a special challenge to emission control system designers because of the relatively high levels of O 2 (atmospheric oxygen ) in the exhaust gas.
A non-oxidizing gas, usually nitrogen or argon, is typically used as a carrier gas so that diluted amounts of reducing gases may be used. Typically, this is achieved through using the combustion products of fuels and tailoring the ratio of CO:CO 2.
Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) is a set of technologies used to remove sulfur dioxide (SO 2) from exhaust flue gases of fossil-fuel power plants, and from the emissions of other sulfur oxide emitting processes such as waste incineration, petroleum refineries, cement and lime kilns.
The purge gas is inert, i.e. by definition [1] non-combustible, or more precisely, non-reactive. The most common purge gases commercially available in large quantities are nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Other inert gases, e.g. argon or helium may be used. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide are unsuitable purge gases in some applications, as these gases ...
Any oxygen gas content in the vacuum line or any leak in the vacuum line will result in liquid oxygen mixed with the target vapors, often with explosive results. When performed on a larger scale, this technique is called freeze-drying, and the cold trap is referred to as the condenser.
A Schlenk line with four ports. The cold trap is on the right. Close-up view, showing the double-oblique stopcock, which allows vacuum (rear line) or inert gas (front line) to be selected. The Schlenk line (also vacuum gas manifold) is a commonly used chemistry apparatus developed by Wilhelm Schlenk. [1] It consists of a dual manifold with ...
The term inert gas is context-dependent because several of the inert gases, including nitrogen and carbon dioxide, can be made to react under certain conditions. [1] [2] Purified argon gas is the most commonly used inert gas due to its high natural abundance (78.3% N 2, 1% Ar in air) [3] and low relative cost.
HPA is usually supplied as a 50% aqueous solution and heating at low temperatures (up to about 90 °C) prompts it to react with water to form phosphorous acid and hydrogen gas. H 3 PO 2 + H 2 O → H 3 PO 3 + H 2. Heating above 110 °C causes hypophosphorous acid to undergo disproportionation to give phosphorous acid and phosphine. [7] 3 H 3 PO ...