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In object-oriented computer programming, a null object is an object with no referenced value or with defined neutral (null) behavior.The null object design pattern, which describes the uses of such objects and their behavior (or lack thereof), was first published as "Void Value" [1] and later in the Pattern Languages of Program Design book series as "Null Object".
Nullable types are a feature of some programming languages which allow a value to be set to the special value NULL instead of the usual possible values of the data type.In statically typed languages, a nullable type is an option type, [citation needed] while in dynamically typed languages (where values have types, but variables do not), equivalent behavior is provided by having a single null ...
The void type and null pointer type nullptr_t in C++11 and C23; Characters and strings (see below) Tuple in Standard ML, Python, Scala, Swift, Elixir; List in Common Lisp, Python, Scheme, Haskell; Fixed-point number with a variety of precisions and a programmer-selected scale. Complex number in C99, Fortran, Common Lisp, Python, D, Go. This is ...
Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major revision not completely backward-compatible with earlier versions. Python 2.7.18, released in 2020, was the last release of Python 2. [37] Python consistently ranks as one of the most popular programming languages, and has gained widespread use in the machine learning community. [38] [39] [40] [41]
PHP supports two special types: null, resource. The null data type represents a variable that has no value. The only value in the null data type is NULL. The NULL constant is not case sensitive. [30] Variables of the "resource" type represent references to resources from external sources. These are typically created by functions from a ...
PHP supports standard C/C++ style comments, but supports Perl style as well. Python The use of the triple-quotes to comment-out lines of source, does not actually form a comment. [ 19 ]
function insertAfter(Node node, Node newNode) if node = null // assume list is empty newNode.next := newNode else newNode.next := node.next node.next := newNode update lastNode variable if necessary Suppose that "L" is a variable pointing to the last node of a circular linked list (or null if the list is empty).
Most languages support multiple paradigms. For example, a program written in C++, Object Pascal, or PHP can be purely procedural, purely object-oriented, or can contain aspects of both paradigms, or others. When using a language that supports multiple paradigms, the developer chooses which paradigm elements to use.