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Russian conquest of the Caucasus led to the abolition of slavery by the 1860s [15] [16] and the conquest of the Central Asian Islamic khanates of Bukhara, Samarkand, and Khiva by the 1870s. [17] A notorious slave market for captured Russian and Persian slaves was centred in the Khanate of Khiva from the 17th to the 19th century.
People taken captive during the Viking raids in all across Europe, such as Ireland, could be sold to Moorish Spain via the Dublin slave trade [11] or transported to Hedeby or Brännö in Scandinavia and from there via the Volga trade route to present day Russia, where slaves and furs were sold to Muslim merchants in exchange for Arab silver ...
Khivan slave trade refers to the slave trade in the Khanate of Khiva, which was a major center of slave trade in Central Asia from the 17th century until the annexation of Russian conquest of Khiva in 1873. The slave market in Khiva mainly trafficked slaves from Russia and Persia to the Islamic khanates in Central Asia, but also to India and ...
The Viking slave route was redirected in the 9th-century, and until the 11th-century the Vikings trafficked European slaves from the Baltic Sea via Ladoga, Novgorod and the Msta river via the Route from the Varangians to the Greeks to the Byzantine Empire via the Black Sea slave trade, or to the Abbasid Caliphate via the Caspian Sea (and the ...
The Volga Bulgarian slave trade took place in the Volga Bulgar Emirate in Central Asia (in modern Eastern Russia). Volga Bulgaria was a buffer state between Europe and the Muslim world and played a major part in the trade between Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages from the 10th century onward, and slaves were one of the main goods.
Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe were the slave raids, for over three centuries, conducted by the military of the Crimean Khanate and the Nogai Horde primarily in lands controlled by Russia [b] and Poland-Lithuania [c] as well as other territories, often under the sponsorship of the Ottoman Empire, which provided slaves for the Crimean and Ottoman slave trades.
The history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and religions from ancient times to the present day. Likewise, its victims have come from many different ethnicities and religious groups. The social, economic, and legal positions of slaves have differed vastly in different systems of slavery in different times and places. [1]
In the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire, the practice of forcing slaves to work on galleys was common, and the suffering endured by these individuals was often depicted in Ukrainian dumas (songs). In the Russian language, "katorga" evolved to denote a form of penal labor or a harsh prison system, transcending its initial maritime connotation.