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The early domestication process of rice in ancient India was based around the wild species Oryza nivara. This led to the local development of a mix of 'wetland' and 'dryland' agriculture of local Oryza sativa var. indica rice agriculture, before the truly 'wetland' rice Oryza sativa var. japonica, arrived around 2000 BC. [30]
Further evidence of early rice cultivation is the construction, since 390 B.C., of massive irrigation structures, reservoirs, and interconnected canals. From ancient times, rice cultivation was not only an economic activity, but a way of life for the people of Sri Lanka. [2]
Rice plant (Oryza sativa) with branched panicles containing many grains on each stem Rice grains of different varieties at the International Rice Research Institute. Rice is a cereal grain and in its domesticated form is the staple food of over half of the world's population, particularly in Asia and Africa.
Rice was cultivated in the Indus Valley civilisation. [36] Agricultural activity during the second millennium BC included rice cultivation in the Kashmir and Harrappan regions. [35] Mixed farming was the basis of the Indus valley economy. [36] Denis J. Murphy (2007) details the spread of cultivated rice from India into South-east Asia: [37]
Saotome (早乙女), or rice planting women, played a religious role in ancient times, rice growing was considered a religious act, and there were many taboos that had to be observed. [1] The inadama was the spirit of the rice plant. Since World War 2 rice planting has become mechanized.
It originates from the Neolithic rice-farming cultures of the Yangtze River basin in southern China, associated with pre-Austronesian and Hmong-Mien cultures. It was spread in prehistoric times by the expansion of Austronesian peoples to Island Southeast Asia, Madagascar, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.
The Roman goddess Ceres presided over agriculture, grain crops, fertility, and motherhood; [9] the term cereal is derived from Latin cerealis, "of grain", originally meaning "of [the goddess] Ceres". [10] Several gods of antiquity combined agriculture and war: the Hittite Sun goddess of Arinna, the Canaanite Lahmu and the Roman Janus. [11]
The Yayoi people refers specifically to the mixed descendants of Jomon hunter-gatherers with mainland Asian migrants, which adopted (rice) agriculture and other continental material culture. [8] There are several hypotheses about the geographic origin of the mainland Asian migrants: immigrants from the Southern or Central Korean peninsula [9 ...