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Stereographic projection of the unit sphere from the north pole onto the plane z = 0, shown here in cross section. The unit sphere S 2 in three-dimensional space R 3 is the set of points (x, y, z) such that x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
The maturation of complex analysis led to general techniques for conformal mapping, where points of a flat surface are handled as numbers on the complex plane.While working at the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, the American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce published his projection in 1879, [2] having been inspired by H. A. Schwarz's 1869 conformal transformation of a circle onto a ...
For example, a small circle of fixed radius (e.g., 15 degrees angular radius). [14] Sometimes spherical triangles are used. [citation needed] In the first half of the 20th century, projecting a human head onto different projections was common to show how distortion varies across one projection as compared to another. [15]
Gnomonic projection of a portion of the north hemisphere centered on the geographic North Pole The gnomonic projection with Tissot's indicatrix of deformation. A gnomonic projection, also known as a central projection or rectilinear projection, is a perspective projection of a sphere, with center of projection at the sphere's center, onto any plane not passing through the center, most commonly ...
They are written in terms of longitude (λ) and latitude (φ) on the sphere. Define the radius of the sphere R and the center point (and origin) of the projection (λ 0, φ 0). The equations for the orthographic projection onto the (x, y) tangent plane reduce to the following: [1]
English: Example for Quine's notion of a "qualitative sphere", used in his article "Natural Kinds" (1970).In analogy to the definition of a circle area in geometry, Quine's sphere is defined as the set of all objects x that are more similar to a "paradigm" object p than p is to a "foil" object f.
The Mercator projection can be visualized as the result of wrapping a cylinder tightly around a sphere, with the two surfaces tangent to (touching) each other along a circle halfway between the poles of their common axis, and then conformally unfolding the surface of the sphere outward onto the cylinder, meaning that at each point the ...
Projects the globe onto an octahedron with symmetrical components and contiguous landmasses that may be displayed in various arrangements. 1975 Cahill–Keyes projection: Polyhedral Compromise Gene Keyes: Projects the globe onto a truncated octahedron with symmetrical components and contiguous land masses that may be displayed in various ...