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In computer science, a semaphore is a variable or abstract data type used to control access to a common resource by multiple threads and avoid critical section problems in a concurrent system such as a multitasking operating system. Semaphores are a type of synchronization primitive. A trivial semaphore is a plain variable that is changed (for ...
Semaphore (lit. ' apparatus for signalling '; from Ancient Greek σῆμα (sêma) 'mark, sign, token' and Greek -φόρος (-phóros) 'bearer, carrier') [1] is the use of an apparatus to create a visual signal transmitted over distance. [2] [3] A semaphore can be performed with devices including: fire, lights, flags, sunlight, and moving arms.
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
Smale's problems is a list of eighteen unsolved problems in mathematics proposed by Steve Smale in 1998 [1] and republished in 1999. [2] Smale composed this list in reply to a request from Vladimir Arnold, then vice-president of the International Mathematical Union, who asked several mathematicians to propose a list of problems for the 21st century.
The Riemann Hypothesis. Today’s mathematicians would probably agree that the Riemann Hypothesis is the most significant open problem in all of math. It’s one of the seven Millennium Prize ...
The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics. Additionally, the subsequent columns contains an informal explanation, a short example, the Unicode location, the name for use in HTML documents, [1] and the LaTeX symbol.
Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities.
In mathematical logic, it remains used for denoting implication, but its exact meaning depends on the specific theory that is studied. 4. Over a variable name , means that the variable represents a vector , in a context where ordinary variables represent scalars ; for example, v → {\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {v}}} .