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In most Unix-like systems, most of the machine code that makes up the dynamic linker is actually an external executable that the operating system kernel loads and executes first in a process address space newly constructed as a result of calling exec or posix_spawn functions. At link time, the path of the dynamic linker that should be used is ...
The GNU linker (or GNU ld) is the GNU Project's free software implementation of the Unix command ld. GNU ld runs the linker, which creates an executable file (or a library) from object files created during compilation of a software project. A linker script may be passed to GNU ld to exercise greater control over the linking process. [6]
Dynamic linking or late binding is linking performed while a program is being loaded or executed (), rather than when the executable file is created.A dynamically linked library (dynamic-link library, or DLL, under Windows and OS/2; shareable image under OpenVMS; [2] dynamic shared object, or DSO, under Unix-like systems) is a library intended for dynamic linking.
An ELF file has two views: the program header shows the segments used at run time, whereas the section header lists the set of sections.. In computing, the Executable and Linkable Format [2] (ELF, formerly named Extensible Linking Format) is a common standard file format for executable files, object code, shared libraries, and core dumps.
On UNIX System V descendent systems, during program runtime the dynamic linker resolves weak symbols definitions like strong ones. For example, a binary is dynamically linked against libraries libfoo.so and libbar.so. libfoo defines symbol f and declares it as weak. libbar also defines f and declares it as strong.
Dynamic loading is a mechanism by which a computer program can, at run time, load a library (or other binary) into memory, retrieve the addresses of functions and variables contained in the library, execute those functions or access those variables, and unload the library from memory.
In Unix and Unix-like systems, the names of environment variables are case-sensitive. The command env displays all environment variables and their values. The command printenv can also be used to print a single variable by giving that variable name as the sole argument to the command.
On Unix-like operating systems with the dynamic linker based on ld.so (on BSD) and ld-linux.so (on Linux), arbitrary libraries can be linked to a new process by giving the library's pathname in the LD_PRELOAD environment variable, that can be set globally or individually for a single process.