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Sakoku (鎖国 / 鎖國, "chained country") is the most common name for the isolationist foreign policy of the Japanese Tokugawa shogunate under which, during the Edo period (from 1603 to 1868), relations and trade between Japan and other countries were severely limited, and almost all foreign nationals were banned from entering Japan, while common Japanese people were kept from leaving the ...
John Saris (1613, England) Captain of the English ship Clove, who met with shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu to establish a trading post in Japan. Nicolaes Couckebacker (1633, Dutch Republic) VOC Opperhoofd (chief Dutch trader/agent) in Hirado, who assisted the government in 1638 to suppress Japanese Christian rebels led by Amakusa Shirō. [13]
Nanban trade (南蛮貿易, Nanban bōeki, "Southern barbarian trade") or the Nanban trade period (南蛮貿易時代, Nanban bōeki jidai, "Southern barbarian trade period") was a period in the history of Japan from the arrival of Europeans in 1543 to the first Sakoku Seclusion Edicts of isolationism in 1614.
The Tokugawa shogunate (/ ˌ t oʊ k uː ˈ ɡ ɑː w ə / TOHK-oo-GAH-wə; [17] Japanese: 徳川幕府, romanized: Tokugawa bakufu, IPA: [tokɯgawa, tokɯŋawa baꜜkɯ̥ɸɯ]), also known as the Edo shogunate (江戸幕府, Edo bakufu), was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868.
The Treaty of Shimoda (下田条約, Shimoda Jouyaku) (formally Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Japan and Russia 日露和親条約, Nichi-Ro Washin Jouyaku) of February 7, 1855, was the first treaty between the Russian Empire, and the Empire of Japan, then under the administration of the Tokugawa shogunate.
The first period, from 1641 to 1671, was rather free and saw an average of seven Dutch ships every year (12 sank during this period). From 1671 to 1715, about five Dutch ships were allowed to visit Dejima every year. From 1715, only two ships were permitted every year, which was reduced to one ship in 1790, and again increased to two ships in 1799.
The most famous of those edicts was the so-called Sakoku Edict of 1635, which contained the main restrictions introduced by Iemitsu. With it, he forbade every Japanese ship and person to travel to another country, or to return to Japanese shores. The punishment for violation was death.
The ships were typically armed with 6 to 8 cannons. Tokyo Naval Science Museum. Japanese red seal trade in the early 17th century. [1] Red seal ships (朱印船, Shuinsen) were Japanese armed merchant sailing ships bound for Southeast Asian ports with red-sealed letters patent issued by the early Tokugawa shogunate in the first half of the 17th ...