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Smoker's melanosis is seen with the naked eye as a brown to black pigmentation of the oral tissue i.e. the gums, [1] cheeks or palate [2] as well as in larynx. [3] [4] It is most often seen in the lower labial gingiva of tobacco users. Most easily it is found in Caucasians, due to their lack of a genetically caused melanin pigmentation. [5] [6]
It is a very common oral condition and affects 13% of the world population. It is often due to poor oral hygiene which leads to accumulation of oral bacteria and build up of keratin on the tongue surface. Black hairy tongue can also be associated with the use of certain medications such as antibiotics, prolonged coffee/tea drinking habit, or ...
Diabetes: "Gum disease and diabetes have a bidirectional relationship, meaning that gum disease can make it harder to control blood sugar levels, and uncontrolled diabetes can increase the risk of ...
Hyperpigmentation of the gum in a 22 year old non smoker female patient. Healthy gums usually have a color that has been described as "coral pink". Other colours like red, white, and blue can signify inflammation or pathology. Smoking or drug use can cause discoloring as well (such as "meth mouth"). Although described as the colour coral pink ...
Desquamative gingivitis is a descriptive clinical term, not a diagnosis. [1] Dermatologic conditions cause about 75% of cases of desquamative gingivitis, and over 95% of the dermatologic cases are accounted for by either oral lichen planus or cicatricial pemphigoid. [1]
Drug-induced pigmentation of the skin may occur as a consequence of drug administration, and the mechanism may be postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in some cases, but frequently is related to actual deposition of the offending drug in the skin. [2]: 125–6 The incidence of this change varies, and depends on the type of medication involved.
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The gums are red, friable, or sometimes granular, and sometimes bleed easily if traumatised. [6] The normal stippling is lost. [7] There is not usually any loss of periodontal attachment. [6] In a few cases a sore mouth can develop, and if so pain is sometimes made worse by toothpastes, or hot or spicy food. [7]