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  2. Foucault knife-edge test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault_knife-edge_test

    It measures mirror surface dimensions by reflecting light into a knife edge at or near the mirror's centre of curvature. In doing so, it only needs a tester which in its most basic 19th century form consists of a light bulb , a piece of tinfoil with a pinhole in it, and a razor blade to create the knife edge.

  3. Schlieren imaging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieren_imaging

    The collimating element may be a lens or a mirror. The optical stop may be realized by a razor placed horizontally or vertically in the focal point of the focusing element, carefully positioned to block the light spot image on its edge. The camera is positioned behind the stop and may be equipped with a suitable lens. [citation needed]

  4. Laser beam profiler - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_beam_profiler

    This definition yields a divergence half-angle. (Sometimes, full angles are used in the literature; these are twice as large.) For a diffraction-limited Gaussian beam, the beam divergence is λ/(πw 0), where λ is the wavelength (in the medium) and w 0 the beam radius (radius with 1/e 2 intensity) at the beam waist. A large beam divergence for ...

  5. Diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction

    Diffraction is the same physical effect as interference, but interference is typically applied to superposition of a few waves and the term diffraction is used when many waves are superposed. [1]: 433 Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word diffraction and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1660.

  6. Photon sieve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon_sieve

    Photon sieve. A photon sieve is a device for focusing light using diffraction and interference.It consists of a flat sheet of material full of pinholes that are arranged in a pattern which is similar to the rings in a Fresnel zone plate, but with the ability to bring light to much sharper focus.

  7. Laser diffraction analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_diffraction_analysis

    Laser diffraction analysis is originally based on the Fraunhofer diffraction theory, stating that the intensity of light scattered by a particle is directly proportional to the particle size. [4] The angle of the laser beam and particle size have an inversely proportional relationship, where the laser beam angle increases as particle size ...

  8. Acousto-optic modulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acousto-optic_modulator

    When the incident light beam is at Bragg angle, a diffraction pattern emerges where an order of diffracted beam occurs at each angle θ that satisfies: [3] ⁡ = Here, m = ..., −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, ... is the order of diffraction, λ is the wavelength of light in vacuum, and Λ is the wavelength of the sound. [4]

  9. Diffraction spike - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction_spike

    Diffraction spreads out light waves passing through the aperture perpendicular to the roughly-straight edge, each edge yielding two spikes 180° apart. [7] As the blades are uniformly distributed around the circle, on a diaphragm with an even number of blades, the diffraction spikes from blades on opposite sides overlap.

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