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A metaphase cell positive for the bcr/abl rearrangement (associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia) using FISH. The chromosomes can be seen in blue. The chromosome that is labeled with green and red spots (upper left) is the one where the rearrangement is present. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular cytogenetic technique ...
In general, a quantum code for a quantum channel is a subspace , where is the state Hilbert space, such that there exists another quantum channel with () = =, where is the orthogonal projection onto .
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a class of highly efficient linear block codes made from many single parity check (SPC) codes. They can provide performance very close to the channel capacity (the theoretical maximum) using an iterated soft-decision decoding approach, at linear time complexity in terms of their block length.
In this code, 5 physical qubits are used to encode the logical qubit. [2] With and being Pauli matrices and the Identity matrix, this code's generators are ,,, . Its logical operators are ¯ = and ¯ =. [3] Once the logical qubit is encoded, errors on the physical qubits can be detected via stabilizer measurements.
A checksum of a message is a modular arithmetic sum of message code words of a fixed word length (e.g., byte values). The sum may be negated by means of a ones'-complement operation prior to transmission to detect unintentional all-zero messages.
A medieval view of fish processing, by Peter Brueghel the Elder (1556). There is evidence humans have been processing fish since the early Holocene. For example, fishbones (c. 8140–7550 BP, uncalibrated) at Atlit-Yam, a submerged Neolithic site off Israel, have been analysed. What emerged was a picture of "a pile of fish gutted and processed ...
Double data entry is considered to be the goldstandard approach, although even when ruled important, it is described emotionally as "laborious". [2] However, as double-entry needs to be carried out by two separate data entry officers, the expenses associated with double data entry are substantial.
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